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INDONESIA
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The largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia – a diverse archipelago nation of more than 300 ethnic groups -- has charted impressive economic growth since overcoming the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. The country’s GDP per capita has steadily risen, from $857 in the year 2000 to $3,603 in 2016. Today, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous nation, the world’s 10th largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, and a member of the G-20. An emerging middle-income country, Indonesia has made enormous gains in poverty reduction, cutting the poverty rate to more than half since 1999, to 10.9% in 2016.
Indonesia’s economic planning follows a 20-year development plan, spanning from 2005 to 2025. It is segmented into 5-year medium-term plans, called the RPJMN, each with different development priorities. The current medium-term development plan – the third phase of the long-term plan -- runs from 2015 to 2020, focusing, among others, on infrastructure development and social assistance programs related to education and health-care. Such shifts in public spending has been enabled by a reform of long-standing energy subsidies, allowing for more investments in programs that directly impact the poor and near-poor.
At a glance:
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Country Name
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Republic of Indonesia
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Area
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1,904,569 sq.km
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Capital
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Jakarta
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Government type
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Republic
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Administrative divisions
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32 provinces and 1 special regions and 1 national capital city district
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National Holiday
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Independence Day, 17 August
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Fiscal year
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January to December
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Currency
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Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
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President
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Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014)
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Population
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260,580,739 (July 2017 est.)
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Net migration rate
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-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
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GDP (purchasing power parity)
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$3.032 trillion (2016 est.)
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GDP- composition by sector
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Agriculture: 13.7%
Industry: 40.3%
Services: 46% (2016 est.)
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Agriculture- Products
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Rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices
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Industries
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Petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism
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Major Exports
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Mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts.
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Major Exports - Partners
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Japan 12%, US 10.8%, China 10%, Singapore 8.4%, India 7.8%, South Korea 5.1%, Malaysia 5.1% (2015)
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Major Imports
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Mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs.
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Major Importers - Partners
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China 20.6%, Singapore 12.6%, Japan 9.3%, Malaysia 6%, South Korea 5.9%, Thailand 5.7%, US 5.3% (2015)
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Natural resources
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Petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver.
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Languages
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Bahasa Indonesia (official modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken in Japanese).
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Ethnic groups
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Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
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Climate
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Tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands.
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Location
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South Eastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian ocean and the pacific ocean
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